Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The Innocence Project A National Litigation Organization

Part One: What is the Innocence Project? The Innocence Project is, â€Å"a national litigation organization that is dedicated to acquitting wrongfully convicted â€Å"criminals† through DNA testing and through reforming the system to prevent further injustice† (The Innocence). The Innocence project was founded by Barry C. Scheck and Peter J. Neufeld at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law at Yeshiva University in 1992, and became a nonprofit organization in 2004. In addition to our co-directors and a managing attorney, there are six full-time staff attorneys and nearly 300 active cases. As a clinic, the law students handle the casework while being supervised by the team of attorneys and clinic staff. To determine whether or not to represent a case the Innocence Project gathers extensive information about each case application, and their intake and evaluation staff researches each potential case thoroughly. The legal staff ultimately determines whether DNA testing can be performed and, if so, whether or not the re sults will be favorable in innocence. The length of time spent on each case depends on how quickly evidence is found and secured; how long it takes to test the evidence. The Innocence Project also faces many hurdles in litigating theses cases. They include time-consuming and thorough efforts to find evidence; damaged evidence that cannot be correctly tested; lost or destroyed evidence; and prosecutorial objections. From the time a case is accepted, it can take between a year andShow MoreRelatedEssay on Preventing the Injustice of Wrongful Imprisonment1284 Words   |  6 Pagesexonerated of all charges with thanks to post conviction DNA testing. The â€Å"Innocence Project†, â€Å"a national litigation and public policy organization dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA testing and reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustices† , came to Jerry Millers representation and helped him to obtain the court order he needed to test the DNA to prove his own innocence. â€Å"Just since 2000, there have been 135 DNA-based exonerations†¦.. 14 peopleRead MorePersuasive Essay : Convicting The Innocent1938 Words   |  8 Pagesin capital cases from 1900-1955. During the time of the study, they came to the conclusion that at least 23 innocent people were executed (Leo Gould, 2009). In 1992, Bedau and Radelet conducted another study and published the book In Spite of Innocence, which identified 66 more wrongful convictions. It is estimated that there are as many as 7,500 persons arrested for index crimes that include murder or manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicleRead MoreEssay on Exonerating Wrongly Convicted People2162 Words   |  9 Pagesexonerated if their innocence is proven to be the case. Even though the right to appeal is the inmates right, some people are not familiar with the steps needed to come out with a verdict they will be content w ith. In this instance the Innocence Project would be the inmate’s number one recourse. The Innocence Project has a worldwide website that describes their history and purpose. The website describes the Innocence Project as â€Å"a national litigation and public policy organization dedicated to exoneratingRead MoreThe Innocence Project3514 Words   |  15 Pages The Innocence Project Author: Naomi Douglas Date: 9th March 2012 Contents * The Innocence Project Organisation * Death Row * Two Cases * Niamh Gunn * YouTube, Books * References The Innocence Project Organisation: This Organisation is a non-profit Legal organisation dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA testing and reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustices. The Innocence Project was establishedRead MoreThe Innocence Project3527 Words   |  15 PagesTitle: The Innocence Project Author: Naomi Douglas Date: 9th March 2012 Contents * The Innocence Project Organisation * Death Row * Two Cases * Niamh Gunn * YouTube, Books * References The Innocence Project Organisation: This Organisation is a non-profit Legal organisation dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA testing and reforming the criminal justice system to prevent future injustices. The Innocence Project was established inRead MoreThe Problem With Eyewitness Testimony Essay2517 Words   |  11 Pagesfalse convictions. The Innocence Project is a national litigation and public policy organization that has been dedicated to exonerating wrongfully convicted people through DNA testing. Since their inception in 1992, they have helped overturn 311 wrongful convictions in the United States, as of the date of this paper. Of those 311 cases, they have determined that misidentification has contributed to approximately 73% of those wrongful convictions (The Innocence Project). That is an extremelyRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Most Severe Form Of All Sentencing2525 Words   |  11 Pagesthe 1790s that withheld capital punishment, abolishing it for certain types of cri mes. Five states, for example, limited the death penalty to cases of murder. (Guernsey, 2009) The jury and sentencing During the eighteen hundreds, the first national death penalty abolition society was founded, titled the American Society for the Abolition of Capital Punishment. In 1846, the state of Michigan abolished the death penalty for all crimes, except treason, and replaced the death penalty with lifeRead MoreThe Right to a Trial by Jury7039 Words   |  29 Pagesthat parties are finding more effective, faster, and more cost-effective means of adjudicating legal disputes through alternative dispute resolution (ADR) forums that are evolving to an ever-increasing degree. The American Jury Project (AJP) of 2005, a national symposium of the American Bar Association, was held to establish the standards and principles for juries and jury trials. Principle 1 states that â€Å"the right to a jury trial should be preserved; however, the lack of available jurorsRead MoreDistinction Between Civil And Criminal Law3262 Words   |  14 PagesDr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow 2014-2015 FOUNDATION OF LAW PROJECT ON DISTINCTION BETWEEN CIVIL AND CRIMINAL LAW Submitted to: Submitted by: Mr. Manwendra Kumar Tiwari Nishant Kumar Assistant Professor (Law) ROLL NO. 83 1st semester TABLE OF CONTENTRead MoreBusiness Ethics and Global Economy10535 Words   |  43 PagesGlobal Values The Multinational Corporation Sexual and Racial Discrimination Human Rights Price Discrimination Bribery Harmful Products Pollution and the Natural Environment Telecommunications Issues Intellectual-Property Protection World Trade Organization To understand the role of culture as a factor in business ethics To discuss cultural relativism and global business ethics To explore global values To assess the role of multinational corporations in business ethics To gain awareness of a number

Monday, December 23, 2019

Google s New Generation Of Search Engines - 1551 Words

Introduction Silicon Valley is known for being the focal point of cutting edge advancement and improvement. It is the home to various technology organizations and a continually developing populace of new businesses. Google is one of the cutting edge developments that started in Silicon Valley by Stanford University students Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Google was launched on September 4, 1998 as a privately held company. The company pioneered the new generation of search engines that determined a website s relevance by the number of pages, and the importance of those pages, which is different from the conventional search engines that ranked results. Larry Page, Google s co-founder, once described the â€Å"perfect search engine† as†¦show more content†¦This advantage has manifested with the Google s businesses and is the reason why it continues to grow. The company uses a system that group employees to carry out the necessary functions; for example, the organization has a Sales Operations group, an Engineering and Design Team, and a Product Management Team, among others. A flat organizational structure means that Google’s employees, teams or groups can bypass middle management and report directly to CEO Larry Page. Every employee is conditioned to contribute innovative ideas. The organizational culture setting gives those employees the opportunity to not hesitate when it comes to sharing their thoughts and opinion.The general vibe at Google is warm on the grounds that the organizational culture maintains a small-company-family feel, where individuals can easily talk and impart thoughts to each other, including CEO Larry Page. In this manner, Google s organizational culture supports excellence in innovation through sharing of ideas and capability to rapidly respond to the market. The assessment for Google s financial performance was done; the assessment covered the last three years on the income statement to analyze what areas the company improved or depreciated. Google Finance has provided the information necessary to make those interpretation, the total revenue for 2016 was $90.2 billion which is a 16.9% increase from the 2015 where the total revenue was $74.9Show MoreRelatedCollege Of Engineering And Computer Science1741 Words   |  7 Pagesexcept where authorized by the lecturer(s) concerned. Table of Contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Historical Review 3 3 Time Line from Idea to Commercial Success 4 4 Trends and Drivers 5 4.1 Opportunities 6 5 Initial Market 6 5.1 Market Segment 6 6 Technology Development 7 6.1 The Technology Development that led to the realization of the innovation 7 6.2 The Critical Technological Challenges 7 6.2.1 Preceding technology 7 6.2.2 Technological Challenges for search engine 8 7 Main Competitors 8 8 ConclusionRead MoreWhy Do You Use Google So Much?1327 Words   |  6 Pagescurrently using Google, and possibly that fellows around the globe are using Google services likewise. So why does everyone use Google so much, one may ask. Well, that is because of how great and successful the company is today in our modern world. Becoming so useful to everyone as a service company, Google remains to be one of the largest, most revolutionary, and most successful corporations in the world. On September 4th, 1998, a student studying at Stanford University, came up with a new idea withRead MoreThe Virtual Size The World Wide Web1090 Words   |  5 PagesOur generation thrived in one field incredibly fast, technology. We have developed so much technology that there is no telling the virtual size the World Wide Web. A lot of software has been invented and written to try and contribute to organizing this ungodly number of pages, texts, music, pictures and videos. The Search engines came to life and became a billion dollar industry once a reliable, user friendly version made it to customers. Giant companies invest giant money into these businesses andRead MoreThe Privacy Of Online Consumers And Search Engines1676 Words   |  7 PagesHow come google knows where a computer user has been? Social medias and search engines have access to all the info that is deleted,saved or that people have in their browser and can access it at any time.Search engines like Google have all t he data that people have used in their lifetime from every person in the world and all the data users think they have deleted that data is actually being saved in hard drives on the Google Headquarters. The thesis statement is that search engines are invadingRead MoreAnalysis : Web Analytics 2.0 : The Art Of Online Accountability And Science Of Customer Centricity1223 Words   |  5 PagesThe main rationale behind any business is to be successful. Every year we see thousands of new businesses starting, however, only very few of them can actually survive and flourish in this extensively competitive and modern world. Having an excellent idea and a decent plan and executing it effectively will not bring success. Today, success requires more than planning and execution. 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Try to use the advanced search option to limit the number of results. * You must choose four sources to complete this portionRead MoreOnline Marketing : Marketing Strategy1475 Words   |  6 Pages{Internet Marketing|Online Marketing|Website Marketing|Affiliate Marketing} Gets You More Customers written by: IsaacV {In the current|In the present|In today s|With the current economic} business environment, {it is important|it s important|it is necessary|it is crucial} for entrepreneurs {to adopt|to consider|to look at|to take} new information and technology tools {to help them|to assist them to|to assist them|to enable them to} {carry out|execute|perform|accomplish} business {more efficiently|moreRead MoreEthical Seo Campaigning : A Mid Of New Business1661 Words   |  7 PagesEthical SEO campaigning in a mid of new business Intending for an SEO campaign, you will noticeably want to acquire the lucrative venture. Though, because SEO Company USA typically offers dissimilar pricing for dissimilar services along with lengths of terms, cost shopping can be complicated. The SEO services should be understandable about every fee along with the services incorporated with those costs, upfront. The majority will need some sort of initial fee, but will typically put together aRead MoreEssay On Internet Privacy1471 Words   |  6 PagesForgotten’ on search engines. This policy allows an individual or organizations to delete some or all of their information from the search engines on internet. This allows the individual to save his reputation due some negative information regarding him on the internet. This policy is applicable only on the search engines. The individual can request the search engine companies to not show his information like blogs, news, videos, articles or websites when someone searches abo ut him. However, the news channelsRead MoreGoogle and Human Brain Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesThe Internet has created a generation of the most efficient multi-taskers ever born. Many people will have at least four tabs open as a time (Google, Facebook, Youtube, Pandora, Wikipedia, Gmail, etc.). People are constantly jumping from one web page to the next, clicking on links and opening new tabs and browsers. The method through which knowledge is gained has transitioned from deep reading to fast skimming. Every time a web page is opened the viewer is bombarded with information, almost every

Saturday, December 14, 2019

The Significance of Spring and Summer in Thomas Hardy’s Poems Free Essays

Weathers By Thomas Hardy This is the weather the cuckoo likes, And so do I; When showers betumble the chestnut spikes, And nestlings fly; And the little brown nightingale bills his best, And they sit outside at ‘The Traveller’s Rest,’ And maids come forth sprig-muslin drest, And citizens dream of the south and west, And so do I. This is the weather the shepherd shuns, And so do I; When beeches drip in browns and duns, And thresh and ply; And hill-hid tides throb, throe on throe, And meadow rivulets overflow, And drops on gate bars hang in a row, And rooks in families homeward go, And so do I. The Significance Of Spring And Summer In Thomas Hardy’s Poems – Document Transcript 1. We will write a custom essay sample on The Significance of Spring and Summer in Thomas Hardy’s Poems or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Significance of Spring and Summer in Thomas Hardy’s Poems, If It’s Ever Spring Again, and It Never Looks Like Summer Mehdi Hassanian esfahani (GS22456) The Victorian Age (BBL5101) Lecturer: Dr. Wan Roselezam February 2009 2. Introduction: Reading about Thomas Hardy, and as the master students of English Literature, we all know that Hardy had a pessimist view on life and love, was watchful about relationships and interested in psychology of behaviors. His meticulous description of events and characters is not limited to humans, and even nature and animals play a role in the setting of what he narrates and are related to the theme. The following study examines the description of ‘summer’ and ‘spring’ in two selected poems by Thomas Hardy, to observe the significance of climate and seasons in the theme of the poems. The reason of this particular selection is the similarity between the two, in their mood, atmosphere, theme and even the ending. As a result, the analysis will claim the same thing, although it may seem inappropriate to generalize it to Hardy’s poetry. Interpreting imagery, particularly visual imagery in these two poems helps to understand their usage and the role they play to create the theme and setting of time and place. In this way, figurative language and the relationship between words would be examined to lead us to the theme and bring about the importance of summer and spring regarding the poems. It is expected that Hardy uses seasons to refer to nature and its beauty, in order to create a romantic setting, like other Victorian poets, and also uses ‘summer’ and ‘spring’ in the sense attributed to optimistic qualities, hope, [2] 3. warmth and love. But the careful observation of this may reveal a contrast which is made to intensify the underlying theme, and lead us to a pessimist view of Hardy in these poems. Accordingly, it will show that the mood of these poems â€Å"differs from Victorian sorrow; it is sterner, [and] more skeptical as though braced by a long look at the worst† (Stallworthy Ramazani, 1852). If It’s Ever Spring Again (Song) If it’s ever spring again, Spring again, I shall go where went I when Down the moor-cock splashed, and hen, Seeing me not, amid their flounder, Standing with my arm around her; If it’s ever spring again, Spring again, I shall go where went I then. If it’s ever summer-time, summer-time, With the hay crop at the prime, [3] 4. And the cuckoos – two – in rhyme, As they used to be, or seemed to, We shall do as long we’ve dreamed to, If it’s ever summer-time, Summer-time, With the hay, and bees achime (594). The poem, or as Hardy called it the ‘song’ If It’s Ever Spring Again deals with spring and summer; two bright and shiny seasons which normally warm the nature and people by the energy and hope they spread around. Kinesthetic imagery of ‘going out’ in line three, stanza one and the plashing moor-cock supports the excitement which is in the air. Hardy depicts spring with many positive qualities, when happiness is all around. He doesn’t talk of common characters, but moor-cock and moor-hen, which according to Morgon, the editor and publisher of the annual Hardy Review, are â€Å"shy, undemonstrative creatures rarely drawn from their coverture under the river-bank to gladden the heart of spring† to emphasize this supreme enthusiasm. As a result of this depiction, the prominent imagery in this poem is the visual imagery; which suddenly puts us in the middle of the nature; but there are also auditory and, as we saw, some hints of kinesthetic imagery. 4] 5. At first, Hardy reminds himself a day in spring, when he (the persona) was able to stand next to the beloved ‘with arms around her’ and enjoy the beauty of spring. He feels prospered and thinks of spring as a complete season, as well as himself. Then in stanza two, he leaps to another memory in a summer day, with again the perfection of setting and t he inner sense of fulfillment, when the ‘day crop’ is ‘at the prime’, ‘bees achime’ and cuckoos are singing in rhyme. The visual imagery which is connected to the golden color of the sun and the repetition of ‘summer’ in addition to the auditory imagery of birds singing free and cheerful, are effective devices to insure us of the blissful man, he feels inside. But it is not all. Richards explains that Hardy was interested in nature, and for him, like other Victorian writers, nature was equal to beauty, but also clarifies that â€Å"he was more interested in strangeness than conventional beauty† (190). It is as if the beauty of nature is not the ultimate goal of his poetry. Narrator’s effort to give an adequate visual imagery and create the setting of place and time is just a tool to carry out the profound meaning which is implied in the poem. The ‘if’s and ‘ever’s convey a sense of regret. Thinking of past days, the narrator cannot understand the lack which is now in his life. And the poem ends on a note, as if he lives in the past and doesn’t dare to face the future. In this sense, the whole poem seems not a delightful praise of spring, but an envy of the past. That’s Mellers’ view who considers this poem ‘a song of [5] 6. ostalgia’. Taking birds and bees, according to Cortus, the Vice President of The Thomas Hardy Association, as â€Å"collectively a trite euphemism for sex†, two cuckoos can be a metaphor of lovers (which includes the narrator), and his doubt in line 14, about their singing ‘As they used to †¦ or seemed to’ be together, demonstrates the pessim ist atmosphere which is settled in the mind, as well as the heart of this narrator that even cannot trust his beloved, and the past. This may explain the reason for the cock and hen ‘seeing not’ the narrator ‘amid their flounder’. In this case, the whole poem presents a continual abstract dreaming, disclosing the dimness melancholy that the narrator feels inside. It can suggest that the narration of past and this memory is not reliable, due to the obsession of narrator to his relationship, and the traumatic lost he has in his life. In the second poem, It never looks like summer, Hardy strongly uses ‘summer’ to display the peak of a relationship, the satisfaction and joyfulness which this season, apparently is connected to or is responsible to bring us. The poem lacks descriptive statements or cliche details of nature, and is much modern in the sense which looks like an internal monologue. It is written in a way, that one can conclude it wasn’t supposed to be published (although there is no evidence of such a thing), and is more like the private thoughts of its poet than a poem about ‘summer’. [6] 7. It Never Looks Like Summer â€Å"It never looks like summer here On Beeny by the sea. † But though she saw its look as drear, Summer it seemed to me. It never looks like summer now Whatever weather’s there; But ah, it cannot anyhow, On Beeny or elsewhere (507)! Here, the image of summer is overwhelming, though it is very general and there are no details. Hardy uses contrasts to express his feeling. Again, the prominent imagery in the poem is visual imagery, like the drear summer that surrounds us; however an abstract imagery can be derived from connotations of ‘summer’. Narrator implicitly attributes some positive qualities to summer, though he never names them. In the first stanza, he remembers a day when weather was not ‘summery’ a lot, but he felt so; perhaps due to a companionship. And now, in the second stanza, he feels cold although it is summer outside. The nature in general and ‘summer’ in particular is interweaved to persona’s life (both emotionally and [7] 8. physically), though they do not always match together. In other words â€Å"the thinnest partition divides man’s existence (including his mental existence) from the rest of nature† (Richards, 196). This is remarkable which in both If It’s Ever Spring Again and It never looks like summer, climate and seasons metaphorically are used to explore the feeling of the persona and â€Å"to register inner states of [his] feeling† (Blackburn, 15). The pessimist view of life and [the lost] love is repeated again; when narrator can say which season it ‘is’, but doubts if the beloved’s presence was real or the feeling was true, and claims that it ‘seemed’ summer to him. He prefers to sing bereavement poems, than face the reality and live in present, and the last two lines support this idea that he cannot think of future. He generalizes the unsatisfactory consequence of his attempts and his lost to all other happenings anytime in future and anywhere else around the world, and decides not to move and not to change; he dares not to look at the future because of his tragic experience. Talking about Hardy’s poetry, Blackburn asserts that the magnetism of his poems â€Å"is built around a complex of love and loss, memory and guilt, pain and self-pity, beauty and regret intermingled with something of delight† (12). In these two poems, he uses images of spring and summer and refers to nature to express the emotions and create the setting, so that he compares two conditions of past and present. To conclude, and as Berger states in the abstract of her PhD [8] 9. roposal, â€Å"Hardy’s epistemology can be found at a meeting point of the senses– primarily visual, emotions, imagination, will, and the external world†. Here, the primary setting and the visual imagery play a strong role, metaphorically, to the oppositions, and intensifies the sense of regret. This technique is effective in a way to create the atmosphere and express the sadness this persona feels in his present life. [9] How to cite The Significance of Spring and Summer in Thomas Hardy’s Poems, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

International Human Resource Management for Sony- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Human Resource Management for Sony. Answer: Introduction Human resource management plays most important role in the organization as staff members present within the workplace are considered as the most valuable asset. Further, effective practices are required for the management of human resource so that overall goals of the enterprise can be accomplished easily(Collings, Wood Caligiuri 2014). Further, every business develops HRM policies through which it is ensured that business is working in favor of its employees and this is leading to rise in the level of overall performance in the market. Apart from this, organizational structure matters a lot where the development of right structure provides a base to carry out overall operations efficiently. The present study carried out is based on two organizations named Sony and Marriott that operates in a different market. Sony Corporation is a Japanese multinational conglomerate that is indulged into different practices involving consumer and professional electronics, entertainment, financial services. On the other hand, Marriott Interntional Inc is a diversified hospitality company that manages a broad portfolio of the hotel. The report focuses on recruitment strategies of both companies, how diversity is managed etc. Training And Development Program Sony And Marriott For conducting smooth functioning of business operations, effective training programs have been developed by Sony and Marriott. In case of Sony Corporation, the company focuses on e-learning, on the site training, general training. Further, business has strongly focused on expanding its training options that take into consideration correspondence courses, lectures that lead to enhanced job performance(Sony 2017). Overall all the employees are encouraged to take part in the training programs so that knowledge and skill level can be enhanced up to the extent. On the other hand, in case of Marriott International Inc the company has employed on the job training methods that allow employees to serve the customers properly. Training is basically carried out by the experts present in the company through which knowledge level enhances in every possible manner(Staff 2010). Apart from this, seminar and lectures are the most common methods that are adopted within the workplace for delivering training to the workforce. So in this way, training programs carried out by both the companies are effective and has allowed in gaining the competitive edge. How Global Networks Are Managed In Sony And Marriott Sony and Marriott carry out all the operations on the wider basis where products and services offered by the enterprise are worldwide famous. Apart from this, both the companies operate in different markets and focuses on enhancing the customer satisfaction level. Both the organizations manage through appropriate strategic plans(Francis, Parkes Reddington 2014). Generally, the main plans are developed in the headquarters of the firms through which all the activities are controlled. Every unit has its own head who is assigned responsibility to prepare plans and policies for smooth functioning. The planning strategies undertaken by both the companies are effective that allows in satisfying need of a large number of customers. This is the main reason due to which Sony and Marriott have the strong customer base(Gupta 2013). For managing global operations, skilled workforce has been employed along with the managers that handle all the key operations. So, in this way, this represents the effectiveness of both the companies in managing the global operations that are linked with the success of the business. Discuss How Blending Of National Corporate Cultures Are Practiced In Sony And Marriott Sony and Marriott carry out all the operations on the wider basis where the diversified workforce has been hired by the business which involves employees of different background, culture, religion, etc. The blending process in both the companies starts with effective leadership where people from different backgrounds are allowed to work with other each other through teams. For aligning national culture with the corporate one different policy have been framed where culture and religion of every individual are promoted that are present within the workplace(Hurn 2014). Appropriate communication channels have been developed within the workplace so that every staff member can interact with each other and due to this reason issues within the companies are lesser faced. In the company like Sony flexible culture has been developed within the workplace that encourages equal participation of employees present in the organization. Further, in case of Marriott at the time of framing corporate culture national practices are undertaken. So, this leads to effective management of all the operations of the company and provides favorable results for the organization. Discuss How Diversity Is Managed In Sony And Marriott Sony believes in promoting diversity within the workplace where ideas and viewpoint of the employees are encouraged and this in turn enhances business performance. Employees are allowed to work in teams where views of every individual are undertaken for conducting the business affairs and this in turn acts as the development tool for the entire business. The organization has incorporated diversity into its business strategy and has developed the internal environment that holds the capability to manage people from different backgrounds(Policies 2013). Considering the case of Marriott management of diversity practices are same as Sony Corporation. Further, through the management of employees within the workplace and encouraging them to give ideas and opinions allows in managing diversity. Apart from this, employees plays most crucial role within the workplace and their importance are highlighted in the company. Efficient leaders have been appointed within the workplace that promotes different culture, and this has become one of the main reasons behind the success of Marriott International in the market. Respect of every religion, culture allows in the management of human resource. Compare And Contrast Recruitment Strategies Of Sony And Marriott Sony provides the wide range of job categories that allows graduates to choose the job as per their skills and knowledge. Further, the company approaches students through different channels. While recruiting researchers and engineers, the company has introduced job matching system where students are allowed to meet employees in the position similar to their desired jobs. Interns are welcomed where company organizes one-day internship program for delivering proper knowledge to the people in the field of accounting, finance, product planning, etc(Sony 2017). In short, it is representing that organization relies on outside sources for satisfying its human resource need and this has somehow allowed satisfying the demand for skilled workforce within the workplace. On the other hand in case of Marriott company relies on employee referrals source for satisfying its human resource need(Peltier 2014). The employees who are working with the company for longer period refer other individuals whom they consider are fit for the job. Apart from this, the career website of Marriott International also allows in hiring the best candidate who is fit for the position. Considering the recruitment strategies of both the companies it has been found that Sonys recruitment plan is more effective as compared with the Marriott. Sony relies on the wide range of strategies such as hiring interns, meeting with students of various students, etc. and in case of Marriott, only employee referral is employed as one of the main sources. So, this is the basic difference between recruitment strategies of both the companies. Discuss The Effects Of Wage-Gap Differences On Motivation And Performance Of Expatriate Employees The wage gap has the direct influence on the motivation level along with the performance of the expatriate employee. Expatriate employee is the one who lives abroad or is from another nation. For instance, in Sony Corporation provides more monetary benefits to its male employees as compared with the female employee then in such case employee motivation is influenced and due to this reason, female staff will not work efficiently(Rees Smith 2017). Considering this, the government of every nation such as the UK, US has introduced where equality in the wage must be present, and no such discrimination is present within the workplace. In short, wage gap leads to the decline in performance of an employee and sometimes individual prefers to leave the job. Provide An Overview Of Organizational Structures In Sony And Marriot The organizational structure of Sony is divided into various hierarchies. The company has introduced structure called One Sony which involves three main core businesses named gaming, mobile and digital imaging. Different managers have been assigned the duty to manage operations and decentralization of authority are present where decisions are taken through the assistance of lower and middle-level employees(Sony 2017). The company considers communication between manager and employee as most important and due to this reason company has developed flexible structure and top down approach is employed. In case of Marriott International, the company has employed the divisional structure as the business operates in the different type of geographical areas. Within one umbrella group, the different type of products are covered, and they are served to the customers as per their need. Generally, in every hotel manager holds the responsibility to carry overall operations along with the assistance of waiters and another type of managers. This structure is considered to be costly for the business, but its advantages are present in large amount. Meaning Of Workforce Planning This concept is associated with determining the requirement of the staff members so that business operations can be carried out smoothly. Further, in case of Sony and Marriott both the companies has indulged into the practice of workforce planning where it is determined well in advance that employees present within the workplace are efficient enough in carrying out business operations(Reiche, Mendenhall Stahl 2016). Apart from this, the requirement of employees in both the companies is quite high, and this is the main reason due to which there is a need for effective planning so that operations can be carried out smoothly. What Do You Understand By Cultural Shock And Discuss How It Affects An Expatriate Performance In Mncs Cultural shock is considered as the feeling of disorientation where the person has to work in unfamiliar culture. In the large sized organization, it is possible that expatriate has to face difficulties in working with the individuals of the different culture(Story et al. 2014). In case if any expatriate is not able to adjust to the culture of Marriott or Sony Corporation then it deals to decline in the level of performance. For instance, if any individual has not worked earlier in the team as this culture has been adopted by companies such as Sony etc. and this will act as the hurdle in conducting the business performance. Discuss Health And Safety Issues That An Expatriate Employee Might Encounter In An International Assignment. Expatriate may face the different type of risks especially at the time of working on international assignments. The key risks involve infectious disease, low-quality medical facilities, poor sanitary conditions, low amount of local medical facilities, etc(Varma 2013). Apart from this, some form of security risks are present that may adversely affect expatriates such as terrorism, criminal attacks and another type of risks associated with the political and social situation. Propose Strategies To Address The Health And Safety Concerns Of International Employees In case of international employees, it is necessary for the business to address the health and safety issues so that they can work efficiently. The first effective way is to raise awareness where employees can be prepared in relation to the hazards. Apart from this MNCs operating in the market such as Marriott International, Sony Corporation, etc. can develop preventive programs which involve medical checkup of employees, training on health, safety guides, etc(Francis, Parkes Reddington 2014). Different security procedures can be implemented within the workplace that takes into consideration accommodation and workplace security audit, setting up 24*7 hotline facilities for the staff members, etc. Conclusion The entire study carried out has supported in knowing the basic difference in between HRM practices of Marriott and Sony Corporation. Further, both the companies have adopted effective practices with the motive to enhance motivation level of its employees. Proper training and development strategies are carried out as through knowledge and skill level of employee enhances and this in turn acts as the development tool for the business. The main strategy for recruitment employed by Marriott International is employee referral, and in case of Sony Corporation, company hires students and approaches different universities. So, this allows in conducting the overall operations efficiently. 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