Monster that Society Created Essay Example For Students

Beast that Society Created Essay Most Americans have some thought of what frankenstein's identity is, because of numerous Frankenstein motion pictures and prominence of beast. In any case, most people groups thoughts are off base about Mary Shelleys epic, Frankenstein is the name of the researcher, not beast, and the beast himself isn't the unintelligible, rage-driven criminal that Robert de niro appears in the 1994 film adaptation of the novel. Shelleys unique Frankenstein was distorted by this Kenneth branagh film, destined to send an alternate message to the film crowd than Shelleys tale shows to its perusers. The clashing messages of innovations merit being subject to its maker address by Shelley and fitting retribution, or triumph over insidiousness appeared by the film is best spoken to by the scene promptly going before Frankensteins beasts demise. In Shelleys tale, the last image of Frankensteins beast uncovers significant characteristics of his internal nature; he is demonstrated in the last snapshots of his life to fell, completely aware of his blame, and firm in his choice to take his life. This is the decision of a long arrangement of occasions giving knowledge into how the beast changed because of his makers activities and the activities of the individuals with whom he came in contact. Up until this last point, he has changed from being acceptable and cheerful to being up to speed in the craving for a friend, to being underhanded and just centered around vengeance. Every one of these progressions are described by the beast himself in this scene. Blackwoods Edinburgh Magazine He was at one point spurred by numerous beneficial things like as temperance and respect, to such an extent that he needed an ally to partake in his glad life. At the point when I initially looked for it , it was the adoration for temperance, the sentiments of satisfaction and friendship with which my entire being flooded, that I wished to be taken an interest. . . . When my extravagant was mitigated with dreams of ideals, of distinction, and of satisfaction. . . . I was supported with high contemplations of respect and dedication. 154 He didn't begin as a wickedness being, but instead was acceptable commonly and uncovered right off the bat in his life to beneficial things. Allen, g. s Frankensteins and societys dismissal of the beast, in any case, drove him to a lopsided energetic interest for a buddy. He constrained Frankenstein to make a female beast, and he gave inspiration by murdering Frankensteins friends and family and taking steps to slaughter a greater amount of them. The beast reviews in this last scene of Shelleys epic how his longing drove him to detestable. . . . do you feel that I was then dead to desolation and regret? He . . . endured not more in the culmination of the deed;oh! Not the ten-thousandth bit of the anguish that was mine during the waiting point of interest of its execution. A loathsome childishness rushed me on. . . By then in the novel, the beast has changed from great in nature to underhanded in nature. His own wants are more critical to him than the prosperity of others and he is eager to submit murder all together guarantee the satisfaction of his craving. The second change the beast makes is getting completely persuaded by retribution. He turns out to be totally malicious, not searching for a buddy however just the misery and enduring of Frankenstein, his maker. I was the slave, not the ace of a drive, which I loathed, yet couldn't resist. .. The examination of my demoniacal plan turned into an unquenchable energy. 153-4 in spite of the fact that the beast may have needed to carry on in a noteworthy manner, he offer up to his displeasure and chose to live to demolish the life of Frankenstein. These changes, however, after Frankenstein pass on. After observing Frankensteins cadaver, the beast is overwhelmed by distress and regret. He shouts, Oh, Frankenstein! Liberal and self-committed being! What does it benefit that I presently ask thee to excuse me? .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .postImageUrl , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:hover , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:visited , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:active { border:0!important; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:active , .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:hover { darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u250690d31b8427 f569fb8350842666d3 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u250690d31b8427f569fb8350842666d3:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Catcher In The Rye Essay VoiceAt this point, Shelleys message about innovation is generally clear: Technologys advantages and risks subject to its producers. All through the book, different sections have indicated about this thought: The early thinkers work is opposed due to the thoughts that the researchers had confidence in, for example, the logicians stone. In spite of the fact that their innovation established a few frameworks for different researchers, their work was viewed as waste on account of the makers themselves. The beasts changes and his definitive destiny basically reliance on Frankensteins activities. Vlasopolos As we have seen, when Frankenstein dismisses his beast, the beast looks for friendship of another structure because of Frankensteins activities. At the point when Frankenstein annihilates the second beast he was taking a shot at, the beast changes his whole explanation behind living. This additionally is absolutely a direct result of the makers activities. On a more acknowledge level; the beasts inclination for abhorrent in all probability was the aftereffect of the innovators state while he was dealing with his development. Frankenstein was strike by a serious free for all while he was chipping away at his beast; accordingly, he made a revolting animal that eventually would be dismissed by society and turn malicious. The passionate condition of the maker influenced the innovation he was liable for. Shelleys message is a ground-breaking one; in any case, it is wrecked by the Kenneth branagh film adaptation of her novel. In this form, the beast doesn't appear to experience any progressions whatsoever, other than getting angrier and look for vengeance. There is no more clear exercise to be found out about innovation; truth be told, one of the main messages appeared by the film is that of fitting retribution, the trouble maker getting what he merits. The message about innovation is uncertain, yet no doubt has something to do with the misunderstanding of cerebrum. Aldiss, mind w By the finish of the film, the beast has gotten terrible underhandedness, as he became in the book. The purpose behind this is unclearperhaps he has become increasingly underhanded in light of the fact that he was terrified by the individuals who had recently pursued him as far as possible of the world, or maybe this is only the regular consequence of his criminal cerebrum affecting his conduct. The message is that malevolent makes underhanded, which doesnt give any new bits of knowledge about innovation; it very well may be applied to almost any circumstance, particularly one with a beast included. The beast isn't utilized as a show of how the maker influences his innovation. Rather he is utilized to panic the film crowd and depict an awful insidious coming about not from the makers activities, yet different mix-ups and tormenting. Robert de niro depiction of Frankensteins beast has made a bogus fantasy of a malevolent, unintelligent beast that isn't at all like the one Shelley shows in her novel. Not exclusively does the film spread a bogus translation of Shelleys work, it furnishes the general population with no enduring message about innovation or about the impacts of lost human love. Will we at that point look for retribution? Will we annihilate that what is malicious? Obviously notShelley gave every one of us to get familiar with an exercise of resilience and of amending our mix-ups. Maybe if an increasingly exact film form of Frankenstein were accessible to the general population, more individuals would be persuaded to peruse the book and learn Shelleys ground-breaking message.

Equality, Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children Essay

Comprehensive practice is recognizing and seeing any hindrances that are preventing kids from finishing the action. We need to ensure that whatever the childs foundation they can completely participate with everything inside the school. This will cause the kids to feel esteemed and have a feeling of having a place. Incorporation doesn't imply that we see each other the equivalent or give a similar work, it is tied in with ensuring we are making adaptions to the movement as opposed to causing a kid to do a totally unique action and ensure we are giving similar chances. We have to accept and acknowledge that the youngster is extraordinary. Clinical model of Disability-The clinical model depends on that kids must adjust to the condition that exists, for instance in my school there is downs disorder kid he goes to all exercises, yet he has a help specialist who is helping him. We expect that the youngster will adjust to our environment, this implies the kid will depend increasingly more of others to support him. Social Model of Disability-The social model is increasingly about the school adjusting things to suit the kid, so they have more autonomy. Changing the physical condition, which could be inclines or lower racks for youngsters with inabilities to reach. Giving data, for example, images or communication through signing The educational plan can be changed with extra help or acclimations to appraisals. Depict the highlights of an Inclusive Setting We frequently talk about the environment of a school. This identifies with an inclination that everybody in the school matters and all have their own influence in school life. When entering my school I felt loose and amped up for having the option to chip in at this school. The meeting room was brilliant and brimming with childrens work. The staff appeared to be inviting and caused me to feel welcome in their school. It is a perfect, new and present day school. A comprehensive setting will be setting which utilizes an entire school way to deal with picking up, working inside a group. Where any boundaries are discovered, systems should be utilized to evacuate them. When working with a specialized curriculum needs kids it is essential to concentrate on what they are acceptable at rather then what they cannot do. So for instance: Two kids are sitting in their place in the homeroom and they are running behind with replicating the work from the board, they are sat in a position where they have their backs to the board. So to defeat this hindrance I will request to move them so they can see the barricade all the more obviously and catch with the work. A school with comprehensive practice will have the accompanying highlights: * Barriers are recognised: This could be from the guardians, appraisals, perceptions or staff seeing * Barriers will be expelled or limited: This should be possible by masterminding outside offices to come in to the school and to change the earth for instance slope rather than steps * Pupils will be instructed close by their friends: A youngster who can't accomplish the work the class is doing ought not be moved to an alternate room, they have to remain in the study hall and have more access to help or hardware that will support them. * Children are allowed to utilize their own voice to air their perspectives and conclusions which will be tuned in to: They ought to be engaged with what they need, requested that what obstructions be expelled which will support them and posed straightforward inquiries about how the movement went and on the off chance that they delighted in it. A decent method of letting youngsters have a voice is a school committee or a radio broadcast. * There will be clear approaches and strategies: All approaches and techniques will be evaluated routinely and clarified to all staff * Staff will get normal preparing identifying with incorporation: Staff individuals would be offered customary preparing with regards to consideration, decent variety and equity of chances. * The school will work in association with partners: These will be guardians, staff individuals or other outside offices * It will likewise work in association with different administrations: This will be language instructor, specialists, wellbeing guests, social administrations to ensure that kids are given proficient assistance. Contextual analysis: Inclusive practice Sean has recently qualified as a showing partner and has begun his new post at a huge grade school. It is his first week thus that he becomes more acquainted with the school, staff and youngsters, he has been approached to work close by Kira, an accomplished encouraging partner who has been at the school for various years. Sean joined Kira who was working with a gathering of multi year old kids making 3D models. Sean saw one of the kids, Jamie, sitting along the edge simply watching and asked where his model was. Kiras answer was that as a result of his incapacity (cerebral paralysis), Jamie experienced issues in utilizing the instruments and materials. She said that she requests that he read a book during the craftsmanship and specialty exercise. Propose how Jamie may feel Jamie would learn about left, annoyed and meandering why he is as a rule forgot about. He may feel humiliated or that he has accomplished something incorrectly. Jamie could be harassed about the circumstance and kids may forget about him during recess and so forth. Dejection and separated could be another inclination he may understanding. What message does this provide for other kids in the gathering ? Other kids may get the feeling that he cannot do anything and wind up thoroughly taking care of him. They may believe that he is dumb or begin to forget about the youngster in exercises as they have watched staff individuals doing it. The youngsters may decline to do the action as Jamie is seen not doing it and they may begin to menace Jamie. Which strategies, codes and enactment Sean allude to while testing the selective practice with Kira-Diversity, consideration, fairness, separation act yet above all every youngster matters Sean will bolster this gathering in future weeks. How might he guarantee that Jamie is incorporated? He could inquire about progressively about the condition that Jamie has, to have the option to have more information and help improve his help towards him. He could help plan the exercise with exercises that Jamie could be associated with. Likewise giving Jamie a voice and asking him what exercises he can do or how they can transform them. Teach different kids about cerebral paralysis so they can help Jamie out. Depict how incorporation functions in your own division of the childrens workforce All staff who work with kids should all have a typical comprehension of qualities and standards of consideration. The way that these are incorporated will be diverse with every job inside instruction and care of the kids. The Early Years Foundation and National Curriculum give us clear direction on a comprehensive way to deal with learning and evaluation. ËœProviders have a duty to elevate uplifting mentalities to assorted variety and distinction, with the goal that each youngster is incorporated and not impeded This is an announcement from Early Years establishment Stage about the obligation of settings to address the issues of all youngsters corresponding to their learning and improvement. The National Curriculum Inclusion explanation expresses that schools must apply an entire school strategy to both the national and more extensive educational plan and that schools must: * Provide an educational plan which guarantees dynamic cooperation and accomplishment of all understudies * Recognize students qualification to top notch learning encounters * Meet the necessities and enthusiasm of all pupils * Recognize and beat potential obstructions to learning and evaluation

20 Story Essay Collections To Read Instead Of Reaching For Your Phone Critical Linking, July 12, 2019

20 Story Essay Collections To Read Instead Of Reaching For Your Phone Critical Linking, July 12, 2019 Critical Linking is a daily roundup of the most interesting bookish links from around the web. Shop summer reading favorites and Book Riots best books of the year so far in our Amazon storefront. If youre trying to purge yourself of social media attachments, but find it hard to stop mindlessly scrolling Facebook and Twitter, Ive picked out 20  story and essay collections to read on your digital detox. Smart idea for a list and smart reads, too!   We don’t know just yet. We need to be entirely out of our current space by the end of September: once we find a new location that suits our needs, we’re likely to begin the process of moving out immediately. Once that process starts, we’ll stop answering letters, box up books, tear down the shelves, get everything hauled over, and rebuild; there will be volunteer opportunities abound for anybody wanting to help out! Until that happens, we’re going to continue our day-to-day operations!  (However, we have stopped taking almost all donations for the time being.) Books 2 Prisoners Seattle has to vacate their space. Anyone able to help them find a new one? Every student in four San Jose school districts will be automatically registered for library cards by Fall 2019, expanding access for about 40,000 children and young adults in the city, according to city library officials. Such a great idea. Sign up to Today In Books to receive  daily news and miscellany from the world of books. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Right, Rite, Wright, and Write How to Choose the Right Word

The  homophones  right, rite, wright, and write are pronounced the same but have very different meanings, histories, and uses. Many definitions are associated with these terms, especially with right. All were inherited from a Germanic form. How to Use Right The most common of the four words in the English language is right, which can be a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. As a noun, right means something proper or morally or socially correct (right versus wrong); appropriate (to do right); a politically conservative position (speaking on the Right); legal, moral, or natural entitlement (has the right); the copyright ownership of something, usually plural (the movie rights to a novel); or a position or direction (as opposed to left). As a verb, right can mean to make straight; to recover ones balance, especially after a fall (right oneself); to set in order; to avenge, redress, or rectify an injustice or injury; or to turn to the right. As an adjective, right means that which is done in accordance with justice or goodness (the morally right choice to make); correct or true (the right answer); of a particular religious belief or principle (the right doctrine of God); leading in the correct direction (the right road); perfectly suited for (Mr. or Ms. Right or the right person for the job); or to be normal, natural, or sound in mind (in his right mind). And, of course, right also refers to something on the right-hand side of an object from the perspective of the observer. Finally, when used as an adverb, right can mean in a direct course or line (stepped right), immediately following (right after), occurring soon in time (Ill be right with you), or in a fitting or appropriate manner (it must be done right). How to Use Rite The noun rite, borrowed from Latin ritus, refers to a formal act or observance in religious or other solemn ceremonies, or a ceremony itself (the rite of baptism). In a nonreligious sense, rite means a custom or habit. How to Use Wright The noun wright is an Old English word, and it always refers to a person who builds, creates, or repairs something (as in playwright or shipwright). In American English, wright is mostly seen as a suffix to whatever is being worked on. How to Use Write The verb write comes from Middle English and was first used in the 15th century. It means the action of forming letters, symbols, or words on paper or the like, whether with pen or pencil, typewriter or computer; to set down in written form; to frame a written statement; or to convey information by a letter (he wrote me today); to express ones feelings or thoughts in written form; or to compose or set down on paper a literary composition, narrative, verse, or the like. Examples Right as a noun primarily refers to entitlement or ownership. I was thrilled when the producer bought the rights to my novel.He has a right to make his own decisions now. Right as an adjective refers to immediacy or to justice or fairness. The only right thing to do was to go back home and apologize.She had to run right home after school every day to do her chores. As a verb, right means to set in order or recover ones balance. The furious man tripped and then tried to right himself.After the storm, Allen righted the room. As an adverb, right refers to direction: The bear looked right at me and then slowly walked away.Turn right at the next corner and walk three blocks to the library. The noun rite is a celebration or custom thats often tied to religion. The rite of passage was a three-day ritual to welcome the young people of the village into adulthood.Two important  rites  of  Protestantism are baptism and communion. Write also refers to the practice of authorship: I write to my mother every other Sunday.Every spring, he writes a celebratory poem. Wright means an artisan or a person who creates or manufactures things; the term is frequently seen in American English as a suffix or a persons surname. My great-great-grandfather was a shipwright in London.Lorraine Hansberry was an African-American playwright whose most famous work was A Raisin in the Sun. How to Remember the Differences Remember that right always means something similar to correct or true—the word right as in right hand, means strong or correct in many languages, including English. Some scholars believe thats because most people are right-handed, meaning their right hand would be stronger or more adept than their left. Rite is from Latin and refers to mostly religious events—these days, the only place where Latin is regularly spoken is in some Christian churches. Wright is obscure unless its used as a suffix—think of it as referring to the Wright brothers (who made planes) or Frank Lloyd Wright (who made buildings). Write always refers to the action of creating language appearing on a page or screen (or in your head); remember that its spelled like white, the color of paper. Sources New York Theater. â€Å"Book Review: Looking for Lorraine Hansberry.†Ã‚  New York Theater, 17 Feb. 2019, newyorktheater.me/2019/02/15/looking-for--the-radiant-and-radical-life-of--hansberry/.â€Å"Right.†Ã‚  Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/right.â€Å"Rite.†Ã‚  American Heritage Dictionary Entry: Rite, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?qrite.â€Å"Wright.†Ã‚  Merriam-Webster, www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wright. â€Å"Write.†Ã‚  American Heritage Dictionary Entry: Write, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company, ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?qwrite.

Do Women Prefer Dark Colors Than Men - 765 Words

Statistic Final Project: â€Å"Do women prefer dark colors than men?† By: Andrea Motta Previous Studies of this topic According to the study done by Guilford and Smith (1959), there was found that men are generally more attracted toward achromatic colors than women. In addition, they also proposed that women might be more conscious of the colors and their color preference is more flexible and diverse. Also, years later, McInnis and Shearer (1964) stated that 56% of men and 76% of women preferred cool colors, and 51% men and 45% women chose bright colors. In a similar study, Plater (1967) stated that men usually prefer stronger chromes than women. Statement of the problem Although there have been many studies about the relationship of colors†¦show more content†¦(Specifying if it is dark or light/bright color) The response of the total 100 people sample was described as: 10% of men and 9% of women prefer dark clothes and dark color for their car. 12% of men and 22% of women prefer light/bright clothes and light/bright color for their car. 26% of men and 21% of women does not have a relationship in color. Analysis of the Data The samples and results are not limited to a specific area because of the use of social media, but it was simple random sample. Descriptive Data Analysis: A pie chart was used to describe the sample data since there were only two categories of individuals (Men and Women). The pie chart reveled that the majority of respondents were Women (52%) compared to Men (48%). On one hand, the 52% of women were distributed as, 42% preferred light colors, 17% preferred dark colors, and 41% did not have preference of colors (figure 1). On the other side, the 48% of men were distributed as, 25% of light colors, 21% of dark colors, and 54% did not have color preference (figure 2). Test Analysis: Chi-square analysis was done using TI-84plus to identify the association of gender and preference of color. The claim that the color chosen is dependent of the gender is tested at ∠=0.05. Hypothesis Ho: The color chosen is independent of the gender. Ha: The color chosen is dependent of the gender. (Claim) Test Statistic (TI-84plus): 2ND + X-1 Edit (Enter data from figure 3, excluding labels) STAT

Ethical Dilemna †Law Enforcement Free Essays

Incident Review 1. What is the ethical issue or problem? Identify the issue succinctly. The ethical issue would be rather to arrest the man for domestic violence or driving while intoxicated due to the test that the officers performed and what they observed. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Dilemna – Law Enforcement or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. What are the most important facts? Which facts have the most bearing on the ethical decision presented? Include any important potential economic, social, or political pressures, and exclude inconsequential facts. The most important facts is that the car was still warm and they observed the man drop something out of his pockets that looked like keys. The wife stated that she had not driven the vehicle all day and the man stated that he had not driven the car since he arrived 4 hours ago. The officer performed a sobriety test and a preliminary alcohol screening test which revealed that the man’s blood alcohol was twice the legal limit. There was also a domestic violence call which is the reason the officer responded to the house. 3. Identify each claimant (key actor) who has an interest in the outcome of this ethical issue. From the perspective of the moral agent—the individual contemplating an ethical course of action—what obligation is owed to the claimant? Why? Claimant (key actor) Obligation (owed to the claimant) Perspective (What does the claimant hope will happen?) Husband Fidelity, beneficence The husband is trying to avoid being arrested and wishes to be left alone by the officers. Wife Beneficence, non-injury The wife does not want to her husband to be arrested and does not want the help of the two officers Officer Nixon and Officer Nook Justice The officers are there to seek the truth and justice of the crimes that have been committed. Even though the case may be thrown out of court the officers do have the warmth of the car as evidence to present to the court. Society Justice Society wants to make sure that the wife gets help against her husband for domestic violence. Society also wants to make sure that the streets are safe and if the husband is behind the wheel at the double the legal limit of alcohol then he is putting himself and society in harm. Evaluating Alternatives 4. What are two alternatives for the scenario? One alternative can be a wild card that you ordinarily may not consider an option because of potential implications. Both should be within free will and control of the same moral agent. Alternative A Alternative B 5. Respond to the following questions based on your developed alternatives. Alternative A Alternative B What are the best- and worst-case scenarios if you choose this alternative? Will anyone be harmed if this alternative is chosen? If so, how will they be harmed? Consider families and derivative effects. Would honoring an idea or value—such as personal, professional, or religious—make the alternative invalid? Are there any rules, laws, or principles that support the alternative? Are there rules, laws, or principles that make the alternative invalid? State the rule or principle and indicate if it invalidates or supports the alternative. Applying Ethical Guidelines 6. Consider each ethical guideline and explain whether it would support or reject your alternative. Guidelines based on the action itself Alternative A Alternative B Should this alternative become a rule or policy that everyone in this situation should follow in similar situations in the future? (Kant) Does this alternative result in using any person as a means to an end without consideration for his or her basic integrity? (Kant) Is the intent of this action free from vested interest or ulterior motive? (Kant’s good will) Does this alternative demonstrate a genuine concern for others affected by the decision, and is the moral agency responding to a perceived need? Guidelines based on consequences Alternative A Alternative B Is the good that results from this alternative outweighed by the potential harm that might be done to others? (Mill’s harm principle) Is any harm brought about by anyone other than the moral agent? (causal harm) Will anyone be harmed who can be said to be defenseless? (paternalism) To what degree is this alternative based on the moral agent’s own best interest? (ethical egoism) Which alternative will generate the greatest benefit—or the least amount of harm—for the greatest number of people? Select only one alternative. (utilitarianism) Ethical Decision Making 7. Choose to proceed with either Alternative A or Alternative B and explain the reasons for your decision. How to cite Ethical Dilemna – Law Enforcement, Essays

Margaret Atwood Essays (2843 words) - Margaret Atwood,

Margaret Atwood Margaret Atwood is an acclaimed poet, novelist, and short story writer. With such a variety of works in different types of writing, it is difficult to grasp every aspect of Atwoods purpose of writing. A comparative analysis of Rape Fantasies reveals the Atwoods writing is varied in many ways yet soundly consistent especially when comparing a particular set of writing such as a group of her other short stories. Atwoods background plays a large part in her writing. Atwood was born in Ottawa, Canada in 1913. Her father was an entomologist, so she spent much of her childhood in the wilderness and other various urban places around Canada. Throughout her life, she lived in numerous Canadian residences as well as several towns in the United States. She has also lived in England, France, Italy and Germany. With this extensive background, Atwood displays a vast knowledge of the world around her, although large portions of her writing are based on Canadian settings. As a young girl, she starte d reading many books and even writing poems and comics. After deciding that she wanted to become a writer, Atwood attended the University of Toronto and earned her bachelors degree in 1961. Following this, she went on to receiver her masters degree from Harvard University. Since 1961, Atwood has produced a highly acclaimed body of work that includes fiction, poetry and literary criticism. Atwood published her first volume of poems, Double Persephone, in 1961 (Toronto), followed by many more throughout the next three decades, interspersed with novels, including The Edible Woman, Surfacing, Lady Oracle, Life Before Man, Bodily Harm, The Handmaids Tale and The Robber Bride. (Contemporary Literary Criticism, 48). Among Atwoods extensive list of writing, it is important to note the handful of short fiction that she has published. Her most recent collection of short fiction is titled Good Bones which was published in 1992. Some other significant short fiction works include Wilderness Tips, Bluebeards Egg, Murder in The Dark, and Dancing Girls. All together Margaret Atwoods major published pieces total over forty. For a majority of these works, Margaret Atwood has received numerous awards. Canadas highest literary honor, the Governor Generals Award, was awarded to Atwood for her poetry collection The Circle Game in 1967. She received the award again in 1986 for her novel, The Handmaids Tale. Another significant work that has won Atwood a number of awards are Cats Eye, which is a novel that Atwood produced in 1988. Her large amount of awards proves to her readers that she is a good writer. By looking at a portion of these other works, short stories in particular, it is easy to compare a majority of her work and conclude that her writing of Rape Fantasies is typical of the work that she normally produces. In general, Atwoods literary reputation for subject matter, themes and style are recognizable with the other work that she produces. In her short stories, she follows a few basics, but usually has one significant underlying meaning. The subject matter of Atwoods works usually focuses on either relationships or power, perhaps sometimes both. The relationships in her short stories are either male to female or female-to-female. Atwoods writing has a strong focal point on human relationships. Atwood consistently uses relationships to develop her stories. In her novels, Margaret Atwood creates situations in which women burdened by the rules and inequalities of their societies, discover that they must reconstruct braver, self reliant personae in order to survive (Goldblatt 276). In one of Atwoods short stories, Uncles, the author presents the relationships that a young girl has with her uncles. The bond, although slightly unusual, is closer with her uncles rather than her aunts. The uncles are important to the girl because of the loss of her father. She needs the male bonding that she lacks from her father, so she gets this through her uncles. Atwood often portrays women as dependent on men. This is such the case in U ncles. Even after her uncles are gone, the protagonist meets a man at her workplace. Although at first, it seems like she might overcome him, he gets the best of her and begins to make her wonder if she

Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzanian Leader

Biography of Julius Kambarage Nyerere, Tanzanian Leader Julius Kambarage Nyerere  (March 1922 - October 14, 1999) was one of Africas leading independence heroes and leading light behind the creation of the Organization of African Unity. He was the architect of ujamaa,  an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzanias agricultural system. He was the prime minister of an independent Tanganyika and the first president of Tanzania. Fast Facts: Julius Kambarage Nyerere Known For: First president of Tanzania, architect of  ujamaa,  an African socialist philosophy which revolutionized Tanzanias agricultural system and one of the leaders of the Organization of African UnityBorn: March 1922, Butiama, TanganyikaDied: October 14, 1999, London, UKSpouse: Maria Gabriel Majige (m. 1953-1999)Children: Andrew Burito, Anna Watiku, Anselm Magige, John Guido, Charles Makongoro, Godfrey Madaraka, Rosemary Huria, Pauleta NyabananeNotable Quote: If a door is shut, attempts should be made to open it; if it is ajar, it should be pushed until it is wide open. In neither case should the door be blown up at the expense of those inside. Early Life Kambarage (the spirit which gives rain) Nyerere was born to Chief Burito Nyerere of the Zanaki (a small ethnic group in northern Tanganyika) and his fifth (out of 22) wife Mgaya Wanyangombe. Nyerere attended a local primary mission school, transferring in 1937 to Tabora Secondary School, a Roman Catholic mission and one of the few secondary schools open to Africans at that time. He was baptized a Catholic on December 23, 1943, and took the baptismal name Julius. Nationalistic Awareness Between 1943 and 1945 Nyerere attended Makerere University, in Ugandas capital Kampala, obtaining a teaching certificate. It was around this time that he took his first steps towards a political career. In 1945 he formed Tanganyikas first student group, an offshoot of the African Association, AA, (a pan-African group first formed by Tanganyikas educated elite in Dar es Salaam, in 1929). Nyerere and his colleagues began the process of converting the AA towards a nationalistic political group. Once he had gained his teaching certificate, Nyerere returned to Tanganyika to take up a teaching post at Saint Marys, a Catholic mission school in Tabora. He opened a local branch of the AA and was instrumental in converting the AA from its pan-African idealism to the pursuit of Tanganyikan independence. To this end, the AA restyled itself in 1948 as the Tanganyika African Association, TAA. Gaining a Wider Perspective In 1949 Nyerere left Tanganyika to study for an MA in economics and history at the University of Edinburgh. He was the first African from Tanganyika to study at a British university and, in 1952, was the first Tanganyikan to gain a degree. At Edinburgh, Nyerere became involved with the Fabian Colonial Bureau (a non-Marxist, anti-colonial socialist movement based in London). He watched intently Ghanas path to self-government  and was aware of the debates in Britain on the development of a Central African Federation (to be formed from a union of North and South Rhodesia and Nyasaland). Three years of study in the UK gave Nyerere an opportunity to vastly widen his perspective of pan-African issues. Graduating in 1952, he returned to teach at a Catholic school near Dar es Salaam. On January 24, 1953, he married primary school teacher Maria Gabriel Majige. Developing the Independence Struggle in Tanganyika This was a period of upheaval in west and south Africa. In neighboring Kenya the Mau Mau uprising was fighting against white settler rule, and a  nationalistic reaction was rising against the creation of the Central African Federation. But political awareness in Tanganyika was nowhere near as advanced as with its neighbors. Nyerere, who had become president of the TAA in April 1953, realized that a focus for African nationalism amongst the population was needed. To that end, in July 1954, Nyerere converted the TAA into Tanganyikas first political party, the Tanganyikan African National Union, or TANU. Nyerere was careful to promote nationalistic ideals without encouraging the kind of violence that was erupting in Kenya under the Mau Mau uprising. TANU manifesto was for independence on the basis of non-violent, multi-ethnic politics, and the promotion of social and political harmony. Nyerere was appointed to Tanganyikas Legislative Council (the Legco) in 1954. He gave up teaching the following year to pursue his career in politics. International Statesman Nyerere testified on behalf of TANU to the UN Trusteeship Council (committee on trusts and non-self-governing territories), in both 1955 and 1956. He presented the case for setting a timetable for Tanganyikan independence (this being one of the specified aims set down for a UN trust territory). The publicity he gained back in Tanganyika established him as the countrys leading nationalist. In 1957 he resigned from the Tanganyikan Legislative Council in protest over the slow progress independence. TANU contested the 1958 elections, winning 28 of 30 elected positions in the Legco. This was countered, however, by 34 posts which were appointed by the British authorities - there was no way for TANU to gain a majority. But TANU was making headway, and Nyerere told his people that Independence will follow as surely as the tickbirds follow the rhino. Finally with the election in August 1960, after changes to the Legislative Assembly were passed, TANU gained the majority it sought, 70 out of 71 seats. Nyerere became chief minister on September 2, 1960, and Tanganyika gained limited self-government. Independence In May 1961 Nyerere became prime minister, and on December 9, Tanganyika gained its independence. On January 22, 1962, Nyerere resigned from the premiership to concentrate on drawing up a republican constitution and to prepare TANU for government rather than liberation. On December 9, 1962, Nyerere was elected president of the new Republic of Tanganyika. Nyereres Approach to Government #1 Nyerere approached his presidency with a particularly African stance. First, he attempted to integrate into African politics the traditional style of African decision making (what is known as indaba in Southern Africa). A consensus is gained through a series of meetings in which everyone has an opportunity to say their piece. To help build national unity he adopted Kiswahili as the national language, making it the only medium of instruction and education. Tanganyika became one of the few African countries with an indigenous official national language. Nyerere also expressed a fear that multiple parties, as seen in Europe and the US, would lead to ethnic conflict in Tanganyika. Political Tensions In 1963 tensions on the neighboring island of Zanzibar started to impact on Tanganyika. Zanzibar had been a British protectorate, but on 10 December 1963, independence was gained as a Sultanate  (under Jamshid ibn Abd Allah) within the Commonwealth of Nations. A  coup on  January 12, 1964, overthrew the sultanate and established a new republic. Africans and Arabs were in conflict, and the aggression spread to the mainland - the Tanganyikan army mutinied. Nyerere went into hiding and was forced to ask Britain for military assistance. He set about strengthening his political control of both TANU and the country. In 1963 he established a  one-party state  which lasted until July 1, 1992, outlawed strikes, and created a centralized administration. A one-party state would allow collaboration and unity without any suppression of opposing views he stated. TANU was now the only legal political party in Tanganyika. Once order was restored Nyerere announced the merger of Zanzibar with Tanganyika as a new nation; the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar came into being on April 26, 1964, with Nyerere as president. The country was renamed the Republic of Tanzania on October 29, 1964. Nyereres Approach to Government #2 Nyerere was reelected president of Tanzania in 1965 (and would be returned for another three successive  five-year  terms before resigning as president in 1985. His next step was to promote his system of African socialism, and on February 5, 1967, he presented the Arusha Declaration which set out his political and economic agenda. The Arusha Declaration was incorporated  into  TANUs constitution later that year. The central core of the Arusha Declaration was  ujamma, Nyereres take on an egalitarian socialist society based on cooperative agriculture. The policy was influential throughout the continent, but it ultimately proved to be flawed.  Ujamaa  is a Swahili word which means community or  family-hood. Nyereres  ujamaa  was a program of independent self-help which supposedly would keep Tanzania from becoming  dependant  on foreign aid. It emphasized economic cooperation, racial/tribal, and moralistic self-sacrifice. By the early  1970s, a program of villagization was slowly organizing rural life into village collectives. Initially voluntary, the process met with increasing resistance, and in 1975 Nyerere introduced forced villagization. Almost 80 percent of the population ended up organized into 7,700 villages. Ujamaa  emphasized the countrys need to be self-sufficient economically rather than being dependent on  foreign aid  and  foreign investment. Nyerere also set up mass literacy  campaigns  and provided free and universal education. In 1971, he introduced state ownership for banks, nationalized plantations and property. In January 1977 he merged TANU and Zanzibars Afro-Shirazi Party into a new national party - the  Chama Cha Mapinduzi  (CCM, Revolutionary State Party). Despite a great deal of planning and organization, agricultural production declined over the 70s, and by the 1980s, with falling world commodity prices (especially for coffee and sisal), its meager export base disappeared and Tanzania became the largest per-capita recipient of foreign aid in Africa. Nyerere on the International Stage Nyerere was a leading force behind the modern Pan-African movement, a leading figure in African politics in the 1970s, and was one of the founders of the Organization of African Unity, OAU, (now the  African Union). He was committed to supporting liberation movements in Southern Africa and was a forceful critic of the apartheid regime of South Africa, chairing a group of five frontline presidents who advocated the overthrow of white supremacists in South Africa, South-West Africa, and Zimbabwe. Tanzania became a favored venue for liberation army training camps and political offices. Sanctuary was given to members of South Africas  African National Congress, as well as similar groups from Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Angola, and Uganda. As a strong supporter of the  Commonwealth of Nations, Nyerere helped engineer South Africas exclusion on the basis of its  apartheid  policies. When President  Idi Amin  of Uganda announced the deportation of all Asians, Nyerere denounced his administration. When Ugandan troops occupied a small border area of Tanzania in 1978 Nyerere pledged to bring the downfall of Amin. In 1979 20,000 troops from the Tanzanian army invaded Uganda to aid Ugandan rebels under the leadership of Yoweri Museveni. Amin fled into exile, and Milton Obote, a good friend of Nyerere, and the president Idi Amin had deposed back in 1971, was placed back in power. The economic cost to Tanzania of the incursion into Uganda was devastating, and Tanzania was unable to recover. Death Julius Kambarage Nyerere died on October 14, 1999, in London, UK, of  leukemia. Despite his failed policies, Nyerere remains a  deeply  respected figure both in Tanzania and Africa as a whole. He is referred to by his honorific title  mwalimu  (a Swahili word meaning teacher). Legacy and End of an Influential Presidency In 1985 Nyerere stepped down from the presidency in favor of Ali Hassan Mwinyi. But he refused to give up power completely, remaining leader of the CCM. When Mwinyi started to dismantle  ujamaa  and to privatize the economy, Nyerere ran interference. He spoke out against what he saw as too much reliance on international trade and the use of  gross  domestic product as the main measure of Tanzanias success. At the time of his departure, Tanzania was one of the worlds poorest countries. Agriculture has reduced to subsistence levels, transportation networks were fractured, and industry was crippled. At least  one-third  of the national budget was provided by foreign aid. On the positive side, Tanzania had Africas highest literacy rate (90 percent), had halved infant mortality, and was politically stable. In 1990 Nyerere gave up leadership of the CCM, finally admitting that some of his policies hadnt been successful. Tanzania held multiparty elections for the first time in 1995.

Definition of Consumption within Sociology

Definition of Consumption within Sociology In sociology, consumption is about so much more than just taking in or using up resources. Humans consume to survive, of course, but in todays world, we also consume to entertain and amuse ourselves, and as a way to share time and experiences with others. We consume not only material goods but also  services, experiences, information, and cultural products like art, music, film, and television. In fact, from the sociological perspective, consumption today is a central organizing principle of social life. It shapes our everyday lives,  our values, expectations and practices, our relationships with others, our individual and group identities, and our overall experience in the world. Consumption According to Sociologists Sociologists recognize that many aspects of our daily lives are structured by consumption. In fact, Polish sociologist Zygmunt Bauman wrote in the book Consuming Life that Western societies are no longer organized around the act of production, but instead, around consumption. This transition began in the United States in the mid-twentieth century,  after which most production jobs were moved overseas, and our economy shifted to retail and the provision of services and information. As a consequence, most of us spend our days consuming rather than producing goods. On any given day, one might travel to work by bus, train, or car; work in an office that requires electricity, gas, oil, water, paper, and a host of consumer electronics and digital goods; purchase a tea, coffee, or soda; go out to a restaurant for lunch or dinner; pick up dry cleaning; purchase health and hygiene products at a drug store; use purchased groceries to prepare dinner, and then spend the evening watching television, enjoying social media, or reading a book. All of these are forms of consumption. Because consumption is so central to how we live our lives, it has taken on great importance in the relationships we forge with others. We often organize visits with others around the act of consuming, whether that be sitting down to eat a home-cooked meal as a family, taking in a movie with a date, or meeting friends for a shopping excursion at the mall. In addition, we often use consumer goods to express our feelings for others through the practice of gift-giving, or notably, in the act of proposing marriage with an expensive piece of jewelry. Consumption is also a central aspect of the celebration of both secular and religious holidays, like Christmas, Valentine’s Day, and Halloween. It has even become a political expression, like when we buy ethically produced or sourced goods, or engage in a boycott of a certain product or brand. Sociologists also see consumption as an important part of the process of forming and expressing both individual and group identities. In Subculture: The Meaning of Style, sociologist Dick Hebdige observed that identity is often expressed through fashion choices, which allows us to classify people as hipsters or emo, for example. This happens because we choose consumer goods that we feel say something about who we are. Our consumer choices are often meant to reflect our values and lifestyle, and in doing so, send visual signals to others about the kind of person we are. Because we associate certain values, identities, and lifestyles with consumer goods, sociologists recognize that some troubling implications follow the centrality of consumption in social life. We often make assumptions, without even realizing it, about a person’s character, social standing, values, and beliefs, or even their intelligence, based on how we interpret their consumer practices. Because of this, consumption can serve processes of exclusion and marginalization in society  and can lead to conflict across lines of class, race or ethnicity, culture, sexuality, and religion. So, from the sociological perspective, theres much more to consumption than meets the eye. In fact, theres so much to study about consumption that theres a whole subfield dedicated to it: the sociology of consumption.

Network system , Cloud Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Network system , Cloud Networking - Essay Example It decreases latency or network load. However, this new concept has many challenges’ in future. This research paper presents the new concept of â€Å"Cloud Networking† and its design architecture, sustainability and security in the networking infrastructure. The primary goal of this report is to explain the challenges, solutions and need that are associated with cloud networking. Key words: Cloud Networking, sustainability, Design, Architecture and Infrastructure. I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing is a very broad term and includes a variety of aspects and dimensions, which are very helpful in hosting a large number of applications and making them available to any device at any time [1]. Mostly it is used by business houses whether they are big, small or medium size. But the concept first originated back in the days when cloud computing was introduced by companies like Google, Yahoo, Amazon, etc. and now is used on a large scale in organizations like Dell, IBM, HP, Microso ft, and alike. The emergence of cloud networking has eliminated the concept of ‘silo computing’ where an application or software was of restricted use and available to only selected systems. A cloud networking system creates multiple layers and multi-tiered systems inside a cloud server, allowing for enhancement of cloud protection and security and application of complex software [2]. The report aims at understanding the development of cloud networking, its impact on the environment and how various organizations joined forces to formulate plans to protect the natural surroundings. II. DEVELOPMENT OF CLOUD NETWORKING There has been a paradigm shift in how computers are used to store, manage and retrieve data in an organization. The very concept of cloud computing has satisfied the uneven demands of users who wanted cheap computing resources which was able to record, store, retrieve and disseminate information. Cloud networking poses some new challenges when compared to c onventional OSI systems. Many new components and dimensions have been added to the use of computers, the internet is one of them. The cloud network now includes a layer of web applications, which is additional in comparison to traditional OSI systems [15]. Cloud networking works with IaaS (Infrastructure as a service) and SaaS (Software as a Service) while aiming at reducing consumption of energy and cost, leading to a green cloud. Though in early times, sleep mode was seen as a very effective way of decreasing energy usage, but now as servers are required to be online 24*7, expenditures made for maintaining them have increased by many folds; cloud networking is the solution for it. The concept behind the development of cloud networking is using Software as a Service (SaaS). There are a large number of servers in a data centre and several processors intensive software which requires more processing power, in which case they need more developed networks which are capable of handling big data storage capacity and transferring capability [20]. Figure 1: Software as a Service (SaaS) [15] A. ATTRIBUTES OF CLOUD NETWORKING Scalability: There are a large number of nodes that are involved in a cloud network. It is necessary that they must measure the rate of successful message and information delivery to the user

ANSWER POST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

ANSWER POST - Essay Example In this regard, I think this is a good way of thinking, but based on the fact that the Indian tribes had their tribal courts, I believe that Native Americans should also have their own courts although they may be in conflict with the traditional American system. The author of this post suggests that because the American Criminal Justice system is applied widely across the country, it becomes a touchy issue to establish Native American court. However, the author believes that it is the right of Native Americans to have their own tribal court system, although it may make it more difficult for the American justice system. The author also backs his claim by using a quote from NADCP that there are conflicting values in America which we should all be aware of. I agree with the author that the differences between different communities indicate some level of maturity. In this regard, operating tribal court systems alongside the American justice system despite their conflicts shows some maturity in terms of appreciating American diversities (Nielsen & Silverman, 2009). This post makes me to understand that we all have our rights to uphold our traditions, and tribal courts are the best courts to uphold such

Discussing the Chrysanthemums Essay example -- English Literature

Discussing the Chrysanthemums In studying the various schools of criticism and using them to decipher the inner workings of novels, short stories, and poems, it becomes apparent that they all share a common factor: a theme. The theme of a story is the general idea or insight, which is revealed by the entire story (Kennedy, 195). Although there are many themes that seem to be similar, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to find to stories with identical themes. Two stories with similar themes, however, are "The Chrysanthemums," by John Steinbeck, and "The Yellow Wallpaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. These two stories show the damage caused by male domination in the past. The short story "The Chrysanthemums" gives insight into the life of its author; John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. The locale of the story is of key resemblance to the Salinas in which Steinbeck was born and bread. "Salinas was a typical American small town, [differing] only in location and a few distinctive features" (McCarthy 3). The story begins by displaying the setting: "The high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and the rest of the world." Though this does not directly illustrate the theme, the setting plays a role in building Elisa Allen's "prison." The main protagonist in "The Chrysanthemums," Elisa Allen, is a mid-aged housewife who also has a passion for growing chrysanthemums. This passion expressed in the planting of these flowers brings out the suppressed romance in her life. The fact that she is childless seems to have sublimated her motherly instincts to produce extraordinary flowers. Nevertheless, "the plants and flowers cannot compensate for t... ...nius soon tells Ophelia that she must seek out Hamlet. Much to her dismay, Hamlet rejects her, and this begins a downward spiral for Ophelia. She begins acting in a depressed fashion, and everyone begins to think she has gone mad. Unfortunately, all the negative light placed upon Ophelia leads to her death. It is not certain whether she was murdered or whether she in fact committed suicide, but she came to a tragic end by drowning. The events in "Hamlet" and "The Chrysanthemums," though different in appearance show a very similar topic. The problem of male dominance is shown in both situations to devastate the emotions of the women. In showing respect and obedience for the male characters, the females are in fact hurting themselves. This theme of male dominance destroying the psyche of women has been, and will continue to be a major theme in literature.

Simulation

SLIP is a privately held investment corporation founded in 1961. It had become a diversified company consisting of a total of 9 subsidiaries. The oldest three were In the home products business: a Virginia-based brass software company, an outdoor lantern company based In Maine, and an antique reproduction furniture company in Maryland. A second group of four subsidiaries formed in the sass's was focused on research in the fields of consumer product marketing, computer software, tax research, and investment financial analysis.Hoping to capitalize on their tax and investment expertise, they recently armed Spring Lane Development Corporation and Spring Lane Natural Resources, which were Involved In real estate development natural resource exploration, respectively. Spring Lane employed a total of 525 people and had revenues of $30 million in 1987. Spring Lane Natural Resources was formed to pursue natural resource exploration because SLIP management felt that favorable tax laws provided them opportunities to achieve significant profits In this arena.Their primary goal was to find and produce natural gas from shale, to capture the so-called â€Å"Section 29† tax credits associated with such gas. Ingress passed this tax credit In 1978 as part of the Natural Gas Policy Act in order to stimulate drilling for natural gas found in shale. Although natural gas exploration was clearly riskier than their other investments, SLIP felt the risks could be managed by drilling only sites that were surrounded on three or four sides by existing wells. To date, SLUR had drilled four wells.It wasn't difficult operationally to drill the wells, but It was challenging to find enough high- quality investment opportunities. In the first five months of production, one of the wells had already paid back 52 percent of its initial investment well ahead of the argue payout. The other wells were also doing quite well and all were on schedule for meeting their target return on investment. SLUR hopes to drill 20 more wells in 1988. Formed. This gave SLUR full responsibility for choosing the sites and managing the well if gas was found. SLUR would retain about 25 percent ownership and sell the rest to several general partners.As managing general partner, SLUR was responsible for hiring a general contractor who would do the drilling. Slur's geologist, Brad Thomas, would determine whether there was enough gas to make it worth completing the well. If he decided to go ahead, the general contractor would be in charge of the day-to-day operations of the well. SLUR had entered into a Joint venture with Excel Energy of Bridgeport, West Virginia, in which it was agreed that Excel would act as the general contractor for all of Slur's wells in West Virginia. Excel also agreed to take a small ownership interest in each of these wells.The Bailey Prospect: Base Case Analysis Exhibit 1 is a copy of the spreadsheet developed by Lisa Weatherboard to analyze the Bailey Prospect. The Ba iley Prospect is surrounded by four producing wells from the target gas formation. Thus, SLUR was pretty confident that they would hit the gas formation, but they were mindful that there is always a possibility that due to geological anomalies (e. G. , drilling into a fault), a well might fail and result in zero production. Brad Thomas (the geologist) estimated the probability of this kind of failure at the Bailey Prospect to be about 10 percent.If they were successful, SLUR would sell the gas to pipeline distributors who would pay a price for the gas that depends on the BTU content of the gas. [2] The BTU content of the gas would not be known until the well was producing, but once reducing, the BTU content would not change over the lifetime of the well. Brad Thomas estimated the BTU content of the gas to be 55 BTU per cubic foot; this was the average of the BTU contents at the nearby wells. The current price paid by the pipeline is $1. 90 per AMBIT (million BTU); the price paid by the pipeline would be tied to the market prices for gas and, hence, might change over time. 3] Lisa assumed that prices would grow with inflation over time. [4] The rate at which gas would flow from the well would not be known until the well was completed. Brad estimated that the gas would initially flow at a rate of 33,000 Mac thousand cubic feet) per year and then decline following the schedule shown in Exhibit 1. The spreadsheet shown in Exhibit 1 is essentially an income statement over the life of the well. (The spreadsheet goes out 25 years; only the first 13 years are shown in the exhibit. ) The gross revenue is the price per Mac of gas times the Mac of gas produced in a given year.To get to net cash flows, royalties, expenses, and taxes must be deducted: 1) From gross revenue, a 12. 5 percent royalty payment to the owner of the mineral rights is deducted, leaving net revenue. This royalty rate was the standard argental pall to ten property owners In ten west Valhalla area. 2) Excel Energy would be paid approximately $300 per month to operate the well. Lisa had budgeted an additional $3,000 per year for other expenses associated with the lease that might be incurred but couldn't now be accurately forecast. These costs were increased annually to reflect inflation. 3) Local taxes of 4. Percent times the gross revenue would be paid to the county and a severance tax[5] of 3. 4 percent would be paid to the state of West Virginia. 4) Depreciation expense for year O equaled the intangible drilling cost[6], which as 72. 5 percent times the total well cost. The remainder of the drilling cost would be depreciated on a straight-line basis over seven years. 5) To compute profit after tax, depletion[7], and state and federal income taxes were subtracted from profit before tax. Numerically, depletion was the smaller of 50 percent times the profit before tax or 1 5 percent times the revenue. ) The state income tax equaled the tax rate multiplied by the difference betwe en profit before tax and depletion. This tax was then reduced by a credit equal to one- half of the severance tax paid to the state. ) Federal income tax was calculated by multiplying the tax rate times the profit before tax less depletion and state tax paid. The federal tax was then reduced by an energy tax credit as allowed in Section 29 of the tax code: the tax credit was determined by multiplying the current tax credit rate ($0. 76 per AMBIT in year 1) by the amount of qualifying production that year.The tax credit rate was increased each year with inflation, but its future value was in the hands of Congress and far from certain. The after-tax cash flow is given by adding back depreciation and depletion to the after-tax profit. Finally, there is the issue of the lease bonus. A lease bonus is a cash payment or bonus paid too landowner in exchange for the drilling and mineral rights. The proposed drilling area at the Bailey Prospect lies on a farm where the owners Mr.. And Mrs.. B ryan Cotter had been reluctant to allow drilling on their land; this is why the surrounding areas were developed and this property was not.Mr.. Cotter had recently passed away and Mrs.. Cotter (at the urging of her children) was now willing to allow drilling and production on her land. Though no offer had yet been made, SLUR had proposed offering Mrs.. Cotter a bonus of $40,000; the lease bonuses for similar properties in the area had been in this range. Financially, if the well is successful, the lease bonus comes directly off the bottom line, providing no tax deductions or depreciation. [8] on ten Dad's AT tense mummers, ten prospect looked good It NAS an rater-tax equity payback period of about 35 months and an internal rate of return of about 29%.To calculate the net present value (NP), Lisa discounted the cash flows using a discount rate of 15 percent, which was Slice's hurdle rate for projects like this. The result was an NP of approximately $79,000. Your Assignment Your boss, Steve Bodily, had presented the results of Alias's analysis to Henry Oysters, a potential general partner. Oysters was impressed with the base-case scenario, but was very concerned about the potential downside risks. â€Å"What if the well doesn't work? How do you know that it will produce that much gas? What if gas prices continue their recent decline?Just about every number in here is a guess. † Bodily was prepared for the first question and knew that, if the well failed, the pretax loss would be approximately $170,000 the cost of drilling the well plus the lease bonus or a net after-tax loss of Bodily was not prepared for the other questions but promised Oysters that he would get back to him with a complete description of the risks associated with the Bailey Prospect. The goal wasn't Just to evaluate the Bailey Prospect but, more generally, to get a better understanding of the risks associated with the kinds of investments SLUR was pursuing.Since Lisa Weatherboard is out of town, Bodily came to you and asked you to examine the risks associated with the Bailey Prospect. Your report will go to SLIP as well as to Oysters. In your conversation with Bodily, he posed the following questions: ) What are the key risks here? 2) What is the project's expected NP taking into account all of these risks? 3) How risky is this project? What is the chance that we have a negative NP on this? 4) How big lease bonus can we afford? Not that I plan to offer Mrs.. Cotter more than $40,000, but it would be good to know how far we can go and still make money. ) What if the Section 29 credit goes away? Congress has been making some noise about that lately. 6) What if the well fails? While we've got the crew out there, should we drill another well? 7) Finally, I know that you don't have time to run numbers for our whole portfolio f properties, but suppose we had 20 opportunities Just like the Bailey Prospect, how risky would this portfolio be? Which would the key uncertainti es be? A qualitative discussion will suffice: we don't need hard numbers on this, but we should be prepared Tort ten question.Bodily concluded, â€Å"Those are the kinds of things that come to mind. Of course, I haven't had much time to think about it and could be missing some important issues. I've scheduled a meeting with Oysters and some of the SLIP partners for next Thursday. Could you prepare a 20-minute presentation on this for then? Good. Thanks. I'll be out of town until then. If you have any questions about doing these kinds of analyses, you might try Jack Grayson. He's done a lot of these risk analyses and will be at the meeting on Thursday. You might want to talk to Brad Thomas as well. Additional Information Fortunately, Brad Thomas (the geologist) was available and offered to help. As far as drilling another well in the event the first one fails, Thomas said, â€Å"Yeah, that might be a good idea. A second well would be cheaper to drill. Of course, it would also be le ss likely to succeed. If the second one fails too, it would be pointless to drill a third ell. † He estimated the cost of drilling the second well to be roughly 75% of the cost of drilling the first well â€Å"you don't have to truck all the drilling equipment out again and you don't have to pay another lease bonus. The cost of completing a second well (if successful) would be the same as the cost of completing the first. Thomas estimated the probability of the second well succeeding (given that the first fails) to be . 50. He also indicated that, if the first well fails, he would revise his estimated initial flow rate down by a third. The decline rate would remain the same. Thomas also indicated that it would not make sense to drill a second well if the first is successful since the two wells would be draining the same area. A second well would speed production you'd get roughly twice as much production at first but you probably double the decline rate as well and end up wit h about the same total amount of gas (maybe slightly more) and be stuck with twice the drilling cost. † On the other issues Thomas said, â€Å"Yeah, this business is pretty much a crap shoot. I'm a geologist. I can't tell you much about Congress or natural gas prices, but I did work up some ranges on the estimates I gave Lisa. See Exhibit 2. ) I've found that I give better estimates if I think about the ranges before I give a particular value.I actually keep track of my estimates and then later see how I did. While I don't always get the right answer, my ranges are pretty good. † These ranges, Thomas says, can be interpreted as 10th and 90th percentiles numbers such that there is a I-in-10 chance that the true value will be below and above these amounts. The base case numbers used in Alias's spreadsheet can be interpreted as 50th percentiles or medians. â€Å"Let me know if you need anything else. † Jack Grayson at SLIP could only offer general advice. As far as developing ranges for the other uncertainties, use your Judgment.I can send you some historical data on inflation and natural gas prices (see Exhibit 3), but looking forward we'll have to guess. If it is important, I may be able to get you more information next week. I know a consultant won may De addle to Nell us Walt ten gas price Toreros t. He could probably get us more on inflation too. I also know a lawyer in D. C. Who has been working with the IRS on Section 29 issues. She might be able to tell us more about that. But I don't want to call these people unless it is important.Let's talk on Monday ND we can decide then whether to call them. † Grayson also suggested that you should be careful about the discount rate. â€Å"The 15 percent rate that Lisa used is risk adjusted – it informally adjusts for the possibility that the well fails, uncertainty about operating costs, etc. Since you are going to explicitly model these risks, you should use a lower discount rate. Because all of these risks with this investment – including natural gas prices – are pretty much uncorrelated with the market as a whole, I would suggest using a risk-free discount rate.The yield of 5- to 10-year treasury bonds is currently around 9 percent why onto you use that rate instead. See you on Monday. † [pick] [pick] *Note: The production decline rates – shown near the top of the spreadsheet – are highly correlated. If you have rapid decline in the first year, you are likely to have rapid decline in subsequent years as well. Similarly, if you have slow decline in the first year, you are likely to have slow decline in subsequent years. To capture this dependence, we need to vary all of the decline rates together.

Domestic Violence Against Women Act - 910 Words

Domestic violence affects millions of Americans in different circumstances annually. Over the years, the numbers of reported cases of domestic violence gained stable growth prompting social activists and legislators to draw stiff measures to counter the problem. About one in four women are affected by domestic violence in the United States. The Bureau of Justice Statistics estimates that at least four-hundred and seven-thousand incidents of domestic violence crimes were committed in the year 2010 alone. This also excludes all domestic violence cases, which resulted in mortality. Various factors contribute to the increase in the number of domestic violence. However, there is no doubt that many of these factors combine in worsening the situation of domestic violence against women. The Violence against Women Act (VAWA) was established as a legal framework to reduce the incidents of domestic violence against women. In 2013, the legislature passed the VAW Reauthorization Act to reinforce measures to stop the trend. The purpose of this paper is to describe the role of the VAW Reauthorization Act of 2013 in promoting the welfare of women. It illustrates the implications of the implementation of the act as it enters its third year. The Problem Domestic violence can be defined in many ways. Most definitions assert that it involves a pattern of behavior in which one is violently abused by a person of close relationship within domestic settings. The underlying factor is theShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence Against Women Act1639 Words   |  7 Pagesfederal government to take part in the battle against domestic violence. 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States kept adding to the list and as of 1983, there were more than 700 shelters for abused women across the country. The number of shelters kept increasing, as did the organizations intended to assist the victims of domestic violence. After 1986 that the first Domestic Violence Awareness Month was first held in October, the United Nations included violence against women as a human rights violatio n in 1993. The next year, the US Congress passed the Violence Against WomenRead MoreWomen Is The Best And The Most Beautiful Creation Of God1155 Words   |  5 PagesWe live in a democratic society where women constitute nearly more-half of the population. From times immemorial, a woman has not only denied justice, equality and liberty but she has also been socially, economically, physically, psychologically, emotionally as well as sexually exploited at home, in office and at everywhere and has been forced to lead an immoral and destitute life. 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